Autoradiography: It is a method whereby specific chemical substances are made to demonstrate their localization in organs and tissues by a natural or induced radioactivity.In autoradiography the radioactivity of the substance to be demonstrated is utilize to produce an image of its distribution on a photographic plate or film.It has the disadvantage in that all substances at any one particular site in a tissue is not demonstrated,only that which has been introduced in a radioactive condition into the animal. Immunocytochemistry: is a type of histological technique that uses antibodies that target specific peptides or protein antigen in the cell via specific epitopes.These antibodies can then be detected using several different methods.Immunocytochemistry allows researchers to determine which subcellular compartments are expressing the antigen.It provides services for tissues localization of proteins as well as measurement of cell proliferation and cell death,in experimental design and data interpretation. BELLO SAMIAT ARIKE 100581005
Autoradiography:It is a method whereby specific chemical substances are made to demonstrated their localization in organs and tissues by a natural or induced radioactivity.In auto radiography the radioactivity of the substance to be demonstrated is utilize to produce an image of its distribution on a photographic plate or film.It has the disadvantages in that all the substances at any one particular site in a tissue is not demonstrated,only that which has been introduced in a radioactive condition into the animal. Immunocytochemistry:It is a type of histological technique that uses antibodies that target specific peptides or protein antigen in the cell via specific epitopes.These bound antibodies can be detected using several different methods.Immunocytochemistry allows researchers to determine which subcellular compartments are expressing the antigen.It provides services for tissue localization of proteins as well as measurement of cell proliferation and cell death,in experimental design and data intepretation. BELLO SAMIAT ARIKE 100581005
Autoradiography:It is a method whereby specific chemical substances are made to demonstrated their localization in organs and tissues by a natural or induced radioactivity.In auto radiography the radioactivity of the substance to be demonstrated is utilize to produce an image of its distribution on a photographic plate or film.It has the disadvantages in that all the substances at any one particular site in a tissue is not demonstrated,only that which has been introduced in a radioactive condition into the animal. Immunocytochemistry:It is a type of histological technique that uses antibodies that target specific peptides or protein antigen in the cell via specific epitopes.These bound antibodies can be detected using several different methods.Immunocytochemistry allows researchers to determine which subcellular compartments are expressing the antigen.It provides services for tissue localization of proteins as well as measurement of cell proliferation and cell death,in experimental design and data intepretation. BELLO SAMIAT ARIKE 100581005
immunocytochemistry(ICC): is a common lab technique that uses antibodies that target specific peptide or protein antigen in the cell via specific epitopes. these bound antibodies can then be detected using several different methods. the antibodies allow visualization of the protein under a microscope. ICC is a valuable tool to study the presence and sub cellular. localization of protein SPECIAL TOOLS IN IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY(ICC) 1.multichambered slides 2.fluorescence microscope
AUTORADIOGRAPHY: this is an image on an x-ray film or nuclear emission produced by the pattern of decay emissions (e.g beta particles or gamma rays) from a distribution on a radioactive substance
Name:Hunter Efe Opeyemi Matrix No :100111010 Dept: bio-edu
Short Notes on Autoradiography and Immunocytochemistry.
1) Autoradiography- This is an histological technique whereby a tissue is supplied with a radioactive substance and allowed to utilize it for an appropriate period of time,after which the tissue is prepared and placed in contact with a special photographic emulsion. Silver grains in the emulsion in contact with the radioactive substance darken. Thus, the location of the darkspot indicates the position at which the radioactive substance was concentrated in the tissue.
2) Immunocytochemistry- this is a common laboratory technique that uses antibodies that target specific peptides or protein antigens in the cell via epitopes. This bound antigens can be detected using several different methods. Immunocytochemistry allows researchers to evaluate whether or not cells in a particular sample express the antigen in question.
AUTORADIOGRAPHY This histological technique involves taking a form of picture that is called an Autoradiograph.It involves exposing a photographic plate to the emission of alpha and beta particles and gamma rays released by the decay of radioactive substances within the subject which can be a biological specimen or human body part Autoradiography is used to determine the relative concentration of radioactive material and its distribution in a specimen. The radioactive susbstances called radioligands are usually injected into the specimen are gel like emulsions containing Silver Halide.
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY Is an histological technique that is used to visualizing and examining the presence of specific proteins or antigens in cell suspension cultured cells and cytopsin that binds to a special antibody under the microscope. Here the samples are prepared by fixing the target cells on a slide, some samples may be grown in the the case of adherent cells and cell suspensions are centrifuged. The materials needed are Fixatives e.g Acetic acid, Triton-x which is used for Permeabilzation of the cell membrane to antibodies, Hydrogen Peroxide, Primary Antibodies, Secondary Antibodies and a florescence microscope. Sample that can be analysed using the technique are Adipose tissues, blood smears, cell suspensions e.t.c OSINAME MICHAEL BOLATITO 100581013
Autoradiography: A technique using X- ray film to visualize molecules or fragments of molecules that have been radioactively labeled. Autoradiography has many applications in the laboratory. Autoradiography can, for example, be used to analyze the length and number of DNA fragments after they are separated from one another by a method called gel electrophoresis. An autoradiograph is an image on an x-ray film or nuclear emulsion produced by the pattern of decay emissions (e.g., beta particles or gamma rays) from a distribution of a radioactive substance. Alternatively, the autoradiograph is also available as a digital image (digital autoradiography), due to the recent development of scintillation gas detectors or rare earth phosphorimaging systems.In biology, this technique may be used to determine the tissue (or cell) localization of a radioactive substance, either introduced into a metabolic pathway, bound to a receptor or enzyme, or hybridized to a nucleic acid. The film or emulsion is apposed to the labeled tissue section to obtain the autoradiograph (also called an autoradiogram). The auto- prefix indicates that the radioactive substance is within the sample, as distinguished from the case of historadiography or microradiography, in which the sample is X-rayed using an external source. Some autoradiographs can be examined microscopically for localization of silver grains (such as on the interiors or exteriors of cells or organelles) in which the process is termed micro-autoradiography. For example, micro-autoradiography was used to examine whether atrazine was being metabolized by the hornwort plant or by epiphytic microorganisms in the biofilm layer surrounding the plant. Autoradiography - place X-ray film over filter - radioactivity will expose film
NAME:- MARY DIMGBA DEPT:- BIOLOGY EDUCATION MATRIC NO:- 100111005
Autoradiography Autoradiography:- A technique using X- ray film to visualize molecules or fragments of molecules that have been radioactively labeled. Autoradiography has many applications in the laboratory. Autoradiography can, for example, be used to analyze the length and number of DNA fragments after they are separated from one another by a method called gel electrophoresis. An autoradiograph is an image on an x-ray film or nuclear emulsion produced by the pattern of decay emissions (e.g., beta particles or gamma rays) from a distribution of a radioactive substance. Alternatively, the autoradiograph is also available as a digital image (digital autoradiography), due to the recent development of scintillation gas detectors or rare earth phosphorimaging systems.In biology, this technique may be used to determine the tissue (or cell) localization of a radioactive substance, either introduced into a metabolic pathway, bound to a receptor or enzyme, or hybridized to a nucleic acid. The film or emulsion is apposed to the labeled tissue section to obtain the autoradiograph (also called an autoradiogram). The auto- prefix indicates that the radioactive substance is within the sample, as distinguished from the case of historadiography or microradiography, in which the sample is X-rayed using an external source. Some autoradiographs can be examined microscopically for localization of silver grains (such as on the interiors or exteriors of cells or organelles) in which the process is termed micro-autoradiography. For example, micro-autoradiography was used to examine whether atrazine was being metabolized by the hornwort plant or by epiphytic microorganisms in the biofilm layer surrounding the plant. Autoradiography - place X-ray film over filter - radioactivity will expose film
NAME:- MARY DIMGBA DEPT:- BIOLOGY EDUCATION MATRIC NO:- 100111005
Autoradiography is any approach used to get an image of the sharing of radioactive substance.the approach has been applied to the study of metabolism in plant and animal,the specimen itself is the source of the radiation which inaugurated from radiactive material included into it. IGE ADELEKE MICHEAL.100111011
Immunocytochemistry(icc) is an approach used to detect if their is protein or antigen in cells or cultured cells by the use of specific antibody.sources of immunocytochemistry are suspension of cells,either from patients or animals(blood smears,swabs) or tissue culture cells in the lab.instrument used include cells,media and reagents and special tools..IGE ADELEKE MICHEAL.100111011
(A)Autoradiography: auto-prefix indicates that the radioactive substance is within the sample, as distinguished from the case historadiography , in which the sample is x-rayed using an external source. In biology, this technique may be used to determine the tissue (or cell) localization of a radioactive substance, either introduced into a metabolic pathway, bound to a receptor or enzyme, or hybridized to a nucleic acid. The film or emulsion is apposed to the labeled tissue section to obtain the autoradiograph (also called an autoradiogram). Some autoradiographs can be examined microscopically for localization of silver grains (such as on the interiors or exteriors of cells or organelles) in which the process is termed micro- autoradiography. ( B)Immunocytochemistry (icc) is a common laboratory technique that uses antibodies that target specific target or protein antigens in the cell via specific epitops. Icc allows us to evaluate whether or not cells in a particular sample express the antigen in question. In case where an immunopositive is found, icc also allows us to determine which cellular compartments are expressing the antigen. Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess the presence of specific protein or antigen in the cell by use of a specific antibody. Which binds to it thereby allowing visualisation and examination under a microscope. It is a valuable tools for determination of cellular contacts from individual cell sample that can be analyse includes blood smear,swab, culture cells and cell suspension. ADETUNJI NURUDEEN ADESOLA 110111009
/ a/ Immunocytochemistry is a common laboratory technique that uses antibodies that target specific target or protein antigens in the cell via specific epitops. Icc allows us to evaluate whether or not cells in a particular sample express the antigen in question. In case where an immunopositive is found, icc also allows us to determine which cellular compartments are expressing the antigen. Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess the presence of specific protein or antigen in the cell by use of a specific antibody. Which binds to it thereby allowing visualisation and examination under a microscope. It is a valuable tools for determination of cellular contacts from individual cell sample that can be analyse includes blood smear,swab, culture cells and cell suspension. / b/ Autoradiography: In biology, this technique may be used to determine the tissue (or cell) localization of a radioactive substance, either introduced into a metabolic pathway, bound to a receptor or enzyme, or hybridized to a nucleic acid. The film or emulsion is apposed to the labeled tissue section to obtain the autoradiograph (also called an autoradiogram). Some autoradiographs can be examined microscopically for localization of silver grains (such as on the interiors or exteriors of cells or organelles) in which the process is termed micro- autoradiography. OYINLOLA KEHINDE BAMIJI 110111011
Autoradiography is a type of histological technique used in detecting radioactivity in a specimen by producing an image on a photographic film or plate.
Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess the presence of a specific protein or antigen in cells (cultured cells, cell suspensions) by use of a specific antibody, which binds to it, thereby allowing visualization and examination under a microscope. ONOWUGBEDA FRANKLIN UFOMA 100111015
Autoradiography is used to visualize the location to which the radioactive substance has been transported within the body, it is either introduced into a metabolic pathway bound to a receptor or enzyme. Autoradiography is a photographic technique used for detecting radioactivity in specimen.It has helped in observing very intensive metabolism of the bone and also to locate sites of protein synthesis. Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess or visualize the presence of specific protein or an antigen in cell suspension or cultured cell using an antibody that binds to it. They are used to localize antigens. It is a valuable tool for the determination of cellular contents from individual cells like the blood smears, aspirates, swabs,e.t.c.
Autoradiography is a photographic technique used for detecting radioactivity in specimen.it is used to locate sites of protein synthesis. Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to visualize the presence of an antigen in cell suspension or cultured cell using an antibody that binds to it. They are used to localize antigens.
Autoradiography is a photographic technique used for detecting radioactivity in specimen.it is used to locate sites of protein synthesis. Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to visualize the presence of an antigen in cell suspension or cultured cell using an antibody that binds to it. They are used to localize antigens.
NAME: ABUGU CHICHEBE S. MATRIC NO:100581001. 1.AUTORADIOGRAPHY: Autoradiography is an experimental technique in which a radioactive specimen is placed in contact with a photographic plate, so as to produce a record of the distribution of a radioactivity in the specimen.The film is darkened by the ionizing radiation from radioactive part of the sample. It is used particularly to study the distribution of particular substances in living tissues, cells and cultures. . 2. IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY: This a laboratory technique demonstrating antigen in tissue section or smears by the use of specific antigen/antibody which culminate in the attachment of a marker to the antigen . For light microscopy, the marker may be a fluorescent dye, an enzyme of a colloidal gold. KUDOS SIR FOR YOUR EFFORT IN ADVANCING US.
Autoradiography is a technique using x-ray or nuclear emulsion produced by the parttern of decay emission {example beta particle or gamma rays} from a distribution of a radioactive substance to visualize molecules or fragment of molecules that have been radioactively labelled. it can b use to analyze the length & number of DNA fragment after they are separated from one another by a method called Gel electrophoresis NOTE: Gel electrophoresis is the process in which molecules such as protein, DNA or RNA fragment can be separated according to size & electrical charge by applying an electri current to them while they are in gel. WHILE Immunocytochemistry is a technique use to access the presence of specific protein or antigen in cell by the use of special antibody that binds to it. this antibodies target specific peptide or protein antigen in cell via specific epitope & also the antibody allows visualization of the protein under a microscope. Name: Ezedimbu Innocent Chiadi matric no: 100111008 Dept: Bio-Education
Autoradiography- this is a technque or process of making or using radioactive material or particle e.g x-ray film to detect or view structures of tissues or cells. Its also a photographic recording of radiation from the radioactive material, obtained by placing the surface of a radioactive materials in close proximity to a photographic emulsion. Its method involve a tissue being supplied with radioactive substances and allowed to utilise it for an appropriate period of time, after which the tissue is prepared and place in contact with a special photograhic emulsion. Silver grains in the emulsion in contact with radioactive substance darkens, thus, the location of the dark spot indicates the position at which the radioactive substances was concentrated in the tissues. B. Immunocytochemistry- this is a technique used to assess the process of a specific protein or antigens in cells or tissue by use of a specific antibody, which binds to it, thereby allowing visualisation and examination under a microscope. Its a valuable tool for the determination of cellular content from individual cells or tissue. Samples that can be analysed include blood smears, aspirates, swabs etc. It can be done by direct or indirect methods. By OGUN MAUTIN LAWRENCE 110111010
Immunocytochemistry is a common laboratory techniques that uses antibody that target specific peptides or protein antigens in the cell via specific epitopes. Methods:there are many methods to obtain immunological detection on tissues. A direct method involves the use of a detectable tag (e.g fluorescent molecule,gold particles etc)directly to the antibodies that is then allowed to bind to the antigen(e.g protein) in a cell A tertiary reagent containing an enzymatic moiety is applied and binds to the secondary antibody. When the quaternary reagent or substrate is applied,the enzymatic end of the tertiary reagent converts the substrate into a pigment reaction product which produces a color e.g black,red,brown etc
Autoradiography Radiography is the visualisation of the pattern of radio. In autoradiography the specimen itself is the source of the radiation,which originates from radioactive material incorporated into it. The first autoradiography was obtained accidently around 1867 when a blackening was produced on emulsions of silver chloride and iodide by uranium salts. method: * living cells are biefly exposed to a pulse of a specific radioactive compound. * The tissue is left for a variable time * Samples are taken,fixed and processed for light of electron microscopy. * Sections are cut and overlaid with a thin film of photographic emulsions
Immunocytochemistry:Is a technique that makes use of specific antibodies to target peptides or protein antigens in the cellsuspension,cultured cell,taken from a smear or cytospin for a fluorescented microscopic view.it is done on samples of intact cells that have lost their surrounding extracellular matrix. Autoradiography:Is the use of radioactive radiations(alpha rays-2n,2p and Radium is the source,Beta rays-electrons ejected or emitted by nuclei,Gamma rays-are electromagnetic and resemble X-rays)to obtain photographic film(autoradiograph) of the test material,incorporated with radioactive tracers. Akindahunsi-tosin-thelma 100581004
Autoradiography is a technique done by taking a picture which is called an autoradiograph. The autograph shows the relative concentration of radioactive materials present in the specimen. The photographic plate is exposed to radioactive emissions from the specimen and an image is produced. Autoradiography relies on emissions of alpha and beta particles and gamma rays, released by the decay of radioactive substances within the species, instead of an outside source. The image gotten allows the technician to determine the relative concentration of radioactive material and it's distribution. Autographs help scientists learn more about cellular and tissue structures and how radioactive materials are absorbed and distributed.
Immunocytochemistry is a technique which uses a specific antibody to assess the presence of a specific protein or antigen in cells, thereby allowing the cell to be viewed and examined under a microscope. It is an important tool in determining cellular contents from individual cells. The antibody used is one that binds to the protein or antigens in the cell.
1.AUTORADIOGRAPHY Autoradiography is a technique using x-ray film tto visualize molecular fragments of molecules that have been radioactively labelled. It is a process in which a tissue is supplied with a radioactive substance and allowed to utilize it for an appropriate period of time after which the tissue is prepared and placed in contact with a special photographiuc emulsion; silver grains in the emulsion in contact with radioactive substance darken, thus, the location of the dark spot indicates the position at which the radioactive susbstance was concentrated in the tissue. It has many applications in the laboratory e.g. It can be used to analyze the length and number of DNA Fragments after they are separated from one and other. 2.IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess the presence of specific antibody that binds to it. The antibody allow visualization of the protein under the microscope. It is useful in determination of cellular contents from individual cells e.g. Blood smears, aspirate swabs culture cells and cells suspension. The protocol involved in immunocytochemistry includes fixation, blocking and incubation, stanning, counter staining, mounting etc ABU BLESSING EKENIMOH 100111001
Immunocytochemistry (ICC) IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY:- Is a common laboratory technique that uses antibodies that target specific peptides or protein antigens in the cell via specific epitopes. These bound antibodies can then be detected using several different methods. ICC allows researchers to evaluate whether or not cells in a particular sample express the antigen in question. In cases where an immunopositive signal is found, ICC also allows researchers to determine which sub-cellular compartments are expressing the antigen. Methods There are many methods to obtain immunological detection on tissues, including those tied directly to primary antibodies or antisera. A direct method involves the use of a detectable tag (e.g., fluorescent molecule, gold particles, etc., ) directly to the antibody that is then allowed to bind to the antigen (e.g., protein) in a cell. Alternatively, there are many indirect methods. In one such method, the antigen is bound by a primary antibody which is then amplified by use of a secondary antibody which binds to the primary antibody. in the same location that the original primary antibody recognized that antigen of interest. Some examples of substrates used (also known as chromogens) are AEC (3-Amino-9-EthylCarbazole), or DAB (3,3'-Diaminobenzidine). Use of one of these reagents after exposure to the necessary enzyme (e.g., horseradish peroxidase conjugated to an antibody reagent) produces a positive immunoreaction product. Immunocytochemical visualization of specific antigens of interest can be used when a less specific stain like H&E (Hematoxylin and Eosin) cannot be used for a diagnosis to be made or to provide additional predictive information regarding treatment (in some cancers, for example). Alternatively the secondary antibody may be covalently linked to a fluorophore (FITC and Rhodamine are the most common) which is detected in a fluorescence or confocal microscope. The location of fluorescence will vary according to the target molecule, external for membrane proteins, and internal for cytoplasmic proteins. In this way immunofluorescence is a powerful technique when combined with confocal microscopy for studying the location of proteins and dynamic processes (exocytosis, endocytosis, etc.).
There are many ways to prepare cell samples for immunocytochemical analysis. Each method has its own strengths and unique characteristics so the right method can be chosen for the desired sample and outcome. Cells to be stained can be attached to a solid support to allow easy handling in subsequent procedures. This can be achieved by several methods: adherent cells may be grown on microscope slides, coverslips, or an optically suitable plastic support. Suspension cells can be centrifuged onto glass slides (cytospin), bound to solid support using chemical linkers, or in some cases handled in suspension. Concentrated cellular suspensions that exist in a low-viscosity medium make good candidates for smear preparations. Dilute cell suspensions existing in a dilute medium are best suited for the preparation of cytospins through cytocentrifugation. Cell suspensions that exist in a high-viscosity medium, are best suited to be tested as swab preparations. For any intercellular reaction to take place, immunoglobulin must first traverse the cell membrane that is intact in these preparations. Reactions taking place in the nucleus can be more difficult, and the extracellular fluids can create unique obstacles in the performance of immunocytochemistry. In this situation, permeabilizing cells using detergent (Triton X-100 or Tween-20) or choosing organic fixatives (acetone, methanol, or ethanol) NAME:- DIMGBA MARY MATRIC NO:- 100111005 DEPT:- BIOLOGY EDUCATION
Autoradiography: A technique using X- ray film to visualize molecules or fragments of molecules that have been radioactively labeled. Autoradiography has many applications in the laboratory. Autoradiography can, for example, be used to analyze the length and number of DNA fragments after they are separated from one another by a method called gel electrophoresis NAME:- DIMGBA MARY DEPT:- BIOLOGY EDUCATION MATRIC NUMBER:- 100111005
1) AUTORADIOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE Autoradiography is the study of biological events in tissue sections using radioactivity. Autoradiography permits the localization of radioactive substances in tissues by means of emitted radiation effects on photographic emulsions. Silver bromide crystals present in the emulsion act as microdetectors of radioactivity in the same way that they respond to light in common photography. The first step of autoradiography is to deliver a radioactive compound to the cells. A variety of molecules, including radioactive amino acids, radioactive nucleotides, and radioactive sugars, can be used, depending on the purpose of the study. These molecules are called precursors, because they may be used by the cells to synthesize larger molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, or polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The tissue sections are prepared and are covered with photographic emulsion. The slides are kept in light-proof boxes; after an adequate exposure time they are developed photographically and examined. When the silver bromide crystals present in the photographic emulsion are hit by radiation they are transformed into small black granules of metallic silver, thus revealing the existence of radioactivity in the tissue. The structures that contain radioactive molecules become covered by these granules. This procedure can be used in both light and electron microscopy.
2) IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess the presence of a specific protein or antigen in cells by use of a specific antibody that binds to it. The antibody allows visualization of the protein under a microscope. Immunocytochemistry is a valuable tool to study the presence and sub-cellular localisation of proteins.
Preparation of Coated Slides 1. Position clean glass slides in a staining rack 2. Immerse the slides for 30 min in a large staining dish containing a 1:10 dilution of 0.1% poly-L-lysine solution in deionized water. 3 Remove the slides and oven dry for 1 hr at 60C. FIXATION METHOD For immunocytochemistry, sample preparation essentially entails fixing the target cells to the slide. Perfect fixation would immobilize the antigens, while retaining authentic cellular and subcellular architecture and permitting unhindered access of antibodies to all cells and subcellular compartments. Wide ranges of fixatives are commonly used, and the correct choice of method will depend on the nature of the antigen being examined and on the properties of the antibody used. Fixation methods fall generally into two classes: organic solvents and cross-linking reagents. Organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone remove lipids and dehydrate the cells, while precipitating the proteins on the cellular architecture. Cross-linking reagents (such as paraformaldehyde) form intermolecular bridges,normally through free amino groups, thus creating a network of linked antigens. Cross-linkers preserve cell structure better than organic solvents, but may reduce the antigenicity of some cell components, and require the addition of a permeabilization step, to allow access of the antibody to the specimen. Fixation with both methods may denature protein antigens, and for this reason, antibodies prepared against denatured proteins may be more useful for cell staining.
(1).Autoradiography is also known as radioautography.It is a technique for detecting radioactivity in a specimen by producing an image on a photographic plate or film. (2).Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess the presence of a specific antigen in cells (cultured cells,cell suspensions)by use of a specific antibody which binds to it,thereby allowing visualization and examination under a microscope.It is a valuable too for the determination of cellular contents from individual cells.samplees that can br analyzed include blood smears,aspirates,swabs,cultured cells and cells suspensions. Name:Emmanuel Gabriel Sunday Matric:100111006.
Immunocytochemistry (ICC); this is a technique used to assess the presence of a specific protein or antigen in cells by use of a specific antibody that binds to it. These bound antibodies can then be detected using several different methods. The antibody allow visualization of the protein under a microscope. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a valuable tool to study the presence and sub-cellular localization of protein.
SPECIAL TOOLS IN IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; Multichambered slides Fluorescence microscope
AUTORADIOGRAPHY; This is an image on an x-ray film or nuclear emission produced by the pattern of decay emission (e.g beta particles or gamma rays) from a distribution on a radioactive substance
Autoradiography is available as a digital image(digital autoradiography) due to the recent development of scintillation gas detector. this technique is use to determine the tissue localization of a metabolic pathway,bound to a receptor or enzyme or hybridized to a nucleic acid. while immunocytochemistry is a techniques to find the presence of antigen in cell tissue..the antibody allow visualization of the protein under a microscope. name: ososan henry oluwaseyi matric no: 100111016
Autoradiography It's a technique using X-ray film to visualize molecules or fragments of molecules that have been radioactivey labelled. Autoradiography can for example be used to analyze the length and number of DNA fragments that they are seperated from one and another by a method Called gelectrophoresis
IMMUNOCHEMISTRY ICC is a common laboratory. technique that uses antibodies that largest specific. peptides or protein. antigens in the cell via specific epitopes. these bond antibodies can then be detected using several different methods. ICC allows researches to evaluate whether the antigen in the question. In cases where immunopositive signal is found; ICC also allows researchers to determine which cellular compartment are expressing the antigen
1. Autoradiography- this is a technique for examining the distribution of a radioactive tracer in the tissues of an experimetal animals. It produces a stable record of the possition or relative intensities of radiolabel bands or tissues in a blot. Its method involve investigating gross structures depends on careful dissection , or cutting a part of an organism and on accurate discription of the part using photographic emulsion for observatiön.
2. Immunocytochemistry- this is a technique used to view unique protein or antigens in a tissue or cell using a specific antibody which binds to it and visual examination. Its uses direct method. By IHEOHAKWERE CHINOMSO OSINACHI 100111012
(A) AUTORADIOGRAPHY Autoradiography is the process of taking a type of picture called an autoradiograph which shows the relative concentration of radioactive material present within the subject. Radiography is the use of radioactive materials or X-rays to produce an image while exposing a photography plate or film to the X-rays is the common method for this type of image. It reduces a similar image but relies on emissions of alpha and beta articles and gamma rays released by the decay of radioactive substances within the subject rather than an outside source. USES OF AUTORADIOGRAPHY (1) Autoradiography can be used to isolate partial sequences of RNA and DNA for study especially n virus. (2) It can be used to study RNA and DNA as well as the phases of cell development and function. (3) This techniques can be used by doctors to detect, diagnose and device treatment strategies for various type of radiation running which issues may have absorbed the radio active material. (B) IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY Immunocytochemistry is the demonstration of antigen in the tissue section or smears by the use of specific antigen/antibody which may culminate in the attachment of a partaker to the antigen for light microscopy. The maker may be fluorescent dye, an enzyme or colloidal gold.immunocytochemistry is recognize as an element and a major tool in diagnostic and research orientated a cellular pathology. Immunocytochemistry involves the detection of specific or highly selective cellular epitopes with an antibody and appropriate labeling system with many antibodies identifying epitopes that survive formaline fixation and processing to paraffin wax and clinical data alone cannot provide a diagnosis. There are numerous immunocytochemical techniques which may be used to localize an antigens. The selection of a suitable technique should be based on parameters such as the type of specimen under investigation and degrees of sensitivity required cost may also be a factor.
1. Autoradiography- this is a technique for examining the distribution of a radioactive tracer in the tissues of an experimetal animals. It produces a stable record of the possition or relative intensities of radiolabel bands or tissues in a blot. Its method involve investigating gross structures depends on careful dissection , or cutting a part of an organism and on accurate discription of the part using photographic emulsion for observatiön.
2. Immunocytochemistry- this is a technique used to view unique protein or antigens in a tissue or cell using a specific antibody which binds to it and visual examination. Its uses direct method. Ezeani theodora cheta 100111007
Autoradiography: It is a method whereby specific chemical substances are made to demonstrate their localization in organs and tissues by a natural or induced radioactivity.In autoradiography the radioactivity of the substance to be demonstrated is utilize to produce an image of its distribution on a photographic plate or film.It has the disadvantage in that all substances at any one particular site in a tissue is not demonstrated,only that which has been introduced in a radioactive condition into the animal.
ReplyDeleteImmunocytochemistry: is a type of histological technique that uses antibodies that target specific peptides or protein antigen in the cell via specific epitopes.These antibodies can then be detected using several different methods.Immunocytochemistry allows researchers to determine which subcellular compartments are expressing the antigen.It provides services for tissues localization of proteins as well as measurement of cell proliferation and cell death,in experimental design and data interpretation.
BELLO SAMIAT ARIKE 100581005
Autoradiography:It is a method whereby specific chemical substances are made to demonstrated their localization in organs and tissues by a natural or induced radioactivity.In auto radiography the radioactivity of the substance to be demonstrated is utilize to produce an image of its distribution on a photographic plate or film.It has the disadvantages in that all the substances at any one particular site in a tissue is not demonstrated,only that which has been introduced in a radioactive condition into the animal.
ReplyDeleteImmunocytochemistry:It is a type of histological technique that uses antibodies that target specific peptides or protein antigen in the cell via specific epitopes.These bound antibodies can be detected using several different methods.Immunocytochemistry allows researchers to determine which subcellular compartments are expressing the antigen.It provides services for tissue localization of proteins as well as measurement of cell proliferation and cell death,in experimental design and data intepretation.
BELLO SAMIAT ARIKE 100581005
Autoradiography:It is a method whereby specific chemical substances are made to demonstrated their localization in organs and tissues by a natural or induced radioactivity.In auto radiography the radioactivity of the substance to be demonstrated is utilize to produce an image of its distribution on a photographic plate or film.It has the disadvantages in that all the substances at any one particular site in a tissue is not demonstrated,only that which has been introduced in a radioactive condition into the animal.
ReplyDeleteImmunocytochemistry:It is a type of histological technique that uses antibodies that target specific peptides or protein antigen in the cell via specific epitopes.These bound antibodies can be detected using several different methods.Immunocytochemistry allows researchers to determine which subcellular compartments are expressing the antigen.It provides services for tissue localization of proteins as well as measurement of cell proliferation and cell death,in experimental design and data intepretation.
BELLO SAMIAT ARIKE 100581005
immunocytochemistry(ICC): is a common lab technique that uses antibodies that target specific peptide or protein antigen in the cell via specific epitopes. these bound antibodies can then be detected using several different methods. the antibodies allow visualization of the protein under a microscope. ICC is a valuable tool to study the presence and sub cellular. localization of protein
ReplyDeleteSPECIAL TOOLS IN IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY(ICC)
1.multichambered slides
2.fluorescence microscope
AUTORADIOGRAPHY: this is an image on an x-ray film or nuclear emission produced by the pattern of decay emissions (e.g beta particles or gamma rays) from a distribution on a radioactive substance
Name:Hunter Efe Opeyemi
Matrix No :100111010
Dept: bio-edu
Short Notes on Autoradiography and Immunocytochemistry.
ReplyDelete1) Autoradiography- This is an histological technique whereby a tissue is supplied with a radioactive substance and allowed to utilize it for an appropriate period of time,after which the tissue is prepared and placed in contact with a special photographic emulsion. Silver grains in the emulsion in contact with the radioactive substance darken. Thus, the location of the darkspot indicates the position at which the radioactive substance was concentrated in the tissue.
2) Immunocytochemistry- this is a common laboratory technique that uses antibodies that target specific peptides or protein antigens in the cell via epitopes. This bound antigens can be detected using several different methods. Immunocytochemistry allows researchers to evaluate whether or not cells in a particular sample express the antigen in question.
Name - DOLAPO IBRAHIM
Matric Number - 100581006
AUTORADIOGRAPHY
ReplyDeleteThis histological technique involves taking a form of picture that is called an Autoradiograph.It involves exposing a photographic plate to the
emission of alpha and beta particles and gamma rays released by the decay of radioactive substances within the subject which can be a biological specimen or human body part
Autoradiography is used to determine the relative concentration of radioactive material and its distribution in a specimen. The radioactive susbstances called radioligands are usually injected into the specimen are gel like emulsions containing Silver Halide.
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY
Is an histological technique that is used to visualizing and examining the presence of specific proteins or antigens in cell suspension cultured cells and cytopsin that binds to a special antibody under the microscope. Here the samples are prepared by fixing the target cells on a slide, some samples may be grown in the the case of adherent cells and cell suspensions are centrifuged. The materials needed are Fixatives e.g Acetic acid, Triton-x which is used for Permeabilzation of the cell membrane to antibodies, Hydrogen Peroxide, Primary Antibodies, Secondary Antibodies and a florescence microscope. Sample that can be analysed using the technique are Adipose tissues, blood smears, cell suspensions e.t.c
OSINAME MICHAEL BOLATITO
100581013
Autoradiography: A technique using X- ray film to visualize molecules or fragments of molecules that have been radioactively labeled. Autoradiography has many applications in the laboratory. Autoradiography can, for example, be used to analyze the length and number of DNA fragments after they are separated from one another by a method called gel electrophoresis.
ReplyDeleteAn autoradiograph is an image on an x-ray film or nuclear emulsion produced by the pattern of decay emissions (e.g., beta particles or gamma rays) from a distribution of a radioactive substance. Alternatively, the autoradiograph is also available as a digital image (digital autoradiography), due to the recent development of scintillation gas detectors or rare earth phosphorimaging systems.In biology, this technique may be used to determine the tissue (or cell) localization of a radioactive substance, either introduced into a metabolic pathway, bound to a receptor or enzyme, or hybridized to a nucleic acid. The film or emulsion is apposed to the labeled tissue section to obtain the autoradiograph (also called an autoradiogram). The auto- prefix indicates that the radioactive substance is within the sample, as distinguished from the case of historadiography or microradiography, in which the sample is X-rayed using an external source. Some autoradiographs can be examined microscopically for localization of silver grains (such as on the interiors or exteriors of cells or organelles) in which the process is termed micro-autoradiography. For example, micro-autoradiography was used to examine whether atrazine was being metabolized by the hornwort plant or by epiphytic microorganisms in the biofilm layer surrounding the plant.
Autoradiography - place X-ray film over filter - radioactivity will expose film
NAME:- MARY DIMGBA
DEPT:- BIOLOGY EDUCATION
MATRIC NO:- 100111005
Autoradiography
ReplyDeleteAutoradiography:- A technique using X- ray film to visualize molecules or fragments of molecules that have been radioactively labeled. Autoradiography has many applications in the laboratory. Autoradiography can, for example, be used to analyze the length and number of DNA fragments after they are separated from one another by a method called gel electrophoresis.
An autoradiograph is an image on an x-ray film or nuclear emulsion produced by the pattern of decay emissions (e.g., beta particles or gamma rays) from a distribution of a radioactive substance. Alternatively, the autoradiograph is also available as a digital image (digital autoradiography), due to the recent development of scintillation gas detectors or rare earth phosphorimaging systems.In biology, this technique may be used to determine the tissue (or cell) localization of a radioactive substance, either introduced into a metabolic pathway, bound to a receptor or enzyme, or hybridized to a nucleic acid. The film or emulsion is apposed to the labeled tissue section to obtain the autoradiograph (also called an autoradiogram). The auto- prefix indicates that the radioactive substance is within the sample, as distinguished from the case of historadiography or microradiography, in which the sample is X-rayed using an external source. Some autoradiographs can be examined microscopically for localization of silver grains (such as on the interiors or exteriors of cells or organelles) in which the process is termed micro-autoradiography. For example, micro-autoradiography was used to examine whether atrazine was being metabolized by the hornwort plant or by epiphytic microorganisms in the biofilm layer surrounding the plant.
Autoradiography - place X-ray film over filter - radioactivity will expose film
NAME:- MARY DIMGBA
DEPT:- BIOLOGY EDUCATION
MATRIC NO:- 100111005
http://abdenloye.blogspot.com/2014/01/general-histology-on-histotechniques.html
ReplyDeleteAutoradiography is any approach used to get an image of the sharing of radioactive substance.the approach has been applied to the study of metabolism in plant and animal,the specimen itself is the source of the radiation which inaugurated from radiactive material included into it. IGE ADELEKE MICHEAL.100111011
ReplyDeleteImmunocytochemistry(icc) is an approach used to detect if their is protein or antigen in cells or cultured cells by the use of specific antibody.sources of immunocytochemistry are suspension of cells,either from patients or animals(blood smears,swabs) or tissue culture cells in the lab.instrument used include cells,media and reagents and special tools..IGE ADELEKE MICHEAL.100111011
ReplyDelete(A)Autoradiography: auto-prefix indicates that the radioactive substance is within the sample, as distinguished from the case historadiography , in which the sample is x-rayed using an external source. In biology, this technique may be used to determine the tissue (or cell) localization of a radioactive substance, either introduced into a metabolic pathway, bound to a receptor or enzyme, or hybridized to a nucleic acid. The film or emulsion is apposed to the labeled tissue section to obtain the autoradiograph (also called an autoradiogram). Some autoradiographs can be examined microscopically for localization of silver grains (such as on the interiors or exteriors of cells or organelles) in which the process is termed micro- autoradiography. ( B)Immunocytochemistry (icc) is a common laboratory technique that uses antibodies that target specific target or protein antigens in the cell via specific epitops. Icc allows us to evaluate whether or not cells in a particular sample express the antigen in question. In case where an immunopositive is found, icc also allows us to determine which cellular compartments are expressing the antigen. Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess the presence of specific protein or antigen in the cell by use of a specific antibody. Which binds to it thereby allowing visualisation and examination under a microscope. It is a valuable tools for determination of cellular contacts from individual cell sample that can be analyse includes blood smear,swab, culture cells and cell suspension. ADETUNJI NURUDEEN ADESOLA 110111009
ReplyDelete/ a/ Immunocytochemistry is a common laboratory technique that uses antibodies that target specific target or protein antigens in the cell via specific epitops. Icc allows us to evaluate whether or not cells in a particular sample express the antigen in question. In case where an immunopositive is found, icc also allows us to determine which cellular compartments are expressing the antigen. Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess the presence of specific protein or antigen in the cell by use of a specific antibody. Which binds to it thereby allowing visualisation and examination under a microscope. It is a valuable tools for determination of cellular contacts from individual cell sample that can be analyse includes blood smear,swab, culture cells and cell suspension. / b/ Autoradiography: In biology, this technique may be used to determine the tissue (or cell) localization of a radioactive substance, either introduced into a metabolic pathway, bound to a receptor or enzyme, or hybridized to a nucleic acid. The film or emulsion is apposed to the labeled tissue section to obtain the autoradiograph (also called an autoradiogram). Some autoradiographs can be examined microscopically for localization of silver grains (such as on the interiors or exteriors of cells or organelles) in which the process is termed micro- autoradiography. OYINLOLA KEHINDE BAMIJI 110111011
ReplyDeleteAutoradiography is a type of histological technique used in detecting radioactivity in a specimen by producing an image on a photographic film or plate.
ReplyDeleteImmunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess the presence of a specific protein or antigen in cells (cultured cells, cell suspensions) by use of a specific antibody, which binds to it, thereby allowing visualization and examination under a microscope.
ONOWUGBEDA FRANKLIN UFOMA
100111015
immunocytochemistry
ReplyDeleteADEMOLA TITI BUNMI
ReplyDelete100111003
Autoradiography is used to visualize the location to which the radioactive substance has been transported within the body, it is either introduced into a metabolic pathway bound to a receptor or enzyme.
Autoradiography is a photographic technique used for detecting radioactivity in specimen.It has helped in observing very intensive metabolism of the bone and also to locate sites of protein synthesis.
Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess or visualize the presence of specific protein or an antigen in cell suspension or cultured cell using an antibody that binds to it. They are used to localize antigens. It is a valuable tool for the determination of cellular contents from individual cells like the blood smears, aspirates, swabs,e.t.c.
OWOLABI OLUSOLA JOSEPH
ReplyDelete100111017
Autoradiography is a photographic technique used for detecting radioactivity in specimen.it is used to locate sites of protein synthesis.
Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to visualize the presence of an antigen in cell suspension or cultured cell using an antibody that binds to it. They are used to localize antigens.
100111017
ReplyDeleteOWOLABI OLUSOLA JOSEPH
Autoradiography is a photographic technique used for detecting radioactivity in specimen.it is used to locate sites of protein synthesis.
Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to visualize the presence of an antigen in cell suspension or cultured cell using an antibody that binds to it. They are used to localize antigens.
NAME: ABUGU CHICHEBE S. MATRIC NO:100581001. 1.AUTORADIOGRAPHY: Autoradiography is an experimental technique in which a radioactive specimen is placed in contact with a photographic plate, so as to produce a record of the distribution of a radioactivity in the specimen.The film is darkened by the ionizing radiation from radioactive part of the sample. It is used particularly to study the distribution of particular substances in living tissues, cells and cultures. . 2. IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY: This a laboratory technique demonstrating antigen in tissue section or smears by the use of specific antigen/antibody which culminate in the attachment of a marker to the antigen . For light microscopy, the marker may be a fluorescent dye, an enzyme of a colloidal gold. KUDOS SIR FOR YOUR EFFORT IN ADVANCING US.
ReplyDeleteAutoradiography is a technique using x-ray or nuclear emulsion produced by the parttern of decay emission {example beta particle or gamma rays} from a distribution of a radioactive substance to visualize molecules or fragment of molecules that have been radioactively labelled. it can b use to analyze the length & number of DNA fragment after they are separated from one another by a method called Gel electrophoresis
ReplyDeleteNOTE: Gel electrophoresis is the process in which molecules such as protein, DNA or RNA fragment can be separated according to size & electrical charge by applying an electri current to them while they are in gel.
WHILE
Immunocytochemistry is a technique use to access the presence of specific protein or antigen in cell by the use of special antibody that binds to it. this antibodies target specific peptide or protein antigen in cell via specific epitope & also the antibody allows visualization of the protein under a microscope.
Name: Ezedimbu Innocent Chiadi
matric no: 100111008
Dept: Bio-Education
Autoradiography- this is a technque or process of making or using radioactive material or particle e.g x-ray film to detect or view structures of tissues or cells. Its also a photographic recording of radiation from the radioactive material, obtained by placing the surface of a radioactive materials in close proximity to a photographic emulsion. Its method involve a tissue being supplied with radioactive substances and allowed to utilise it for an appropriate period of time, after which the tissue is prepared and place in contact with a special photograhic emulsion. Silver grains in the emulsion in contact with radioactive substance darkens, thus, the location of the dark spot indicates the position at which the radioactive substances was concentrated in the tissues.
ReplyDeleteB. Immunocytochemistry- this is a technique used to assess the process of a specific protein or antigens in cells or tissue by use of a specific antibody, which binds to it, thereby allowing visualisation and examination under a microscope. Its a valuable tool for the determination of cellular content from individual cells or tissue. Samples that can be analysed include blood smears, aspirates, swabs etc. It can be done by direct or indirect methods. By OGUN MAUTIN LAWRENCE 110111010
Immunocytochemistry is a common laboratory techniques that uses antibody that target specific peptides or protein antigens in the cell via specific epitopes.
ReplyDeleteMethods:there are many methods to obtain immunological detection on tissues. A direct method involves the use of a detectable tag (e.g fluorescent molecule,gold particles etc)directly to the antibodies that is then allowed to bind to the antigen(e.g protein) in a cell
A tertiary reagent containing an enzymatic moiety is applied and binds to the secondary antibody. When the quaternary reagent or substrate is applied,the enzymatic end of the tertiary reagent converts the substrate into a pigment reaction product which produces a color e.g black,red,brown etc
Autoradiography
Radiography is the visualisation of the pattern of radio. In autoradiography the specimen itself is the source of the radiation,which originates from radioactive material incorporated into it.
The first autoradiography was obtained accidently around 1867 when a blackening was produced on emulsions of silver chloride and iodide by uranium salts.
method:
* living cells are biefly exposed to a pulse of a specific radioactive compound.
* The tissue is left for a variable time
* Samples are taken,fixed and processed for light of electron microscopy.
* Sections are cut and overlaid with a thin film of photographic emulsions
ADEJARE OMOLOLA BUKOLA
100111002
BIOLOGY EDUCATION
Immunocytochemistry:Is a technique that makes use of specific antibodies to target peptides or protein antigens in the cellsuspension,cultured cell,taken from a smear or cytospin for a fluorescented microscopic view.it is done on samples of intact cells that have lost their surrounding extracellular matrix.
ReplyDeleteAutoradiography:Is the use of radioactive radiations(alpha rays-2n,2p and Radium is the source,Beta rays-electrons ejected or emitted by nuclei,Gamma rays-are electromagnetic and resemble X-rays)to obtain photographic film(autoradiograph) of the test material,incorporated with radioactive tracers.
Akindahunsi-tosin-thelma 100581004
Autoradiography is a technique done by taking a picture which is called an autoradiograph. The autograph shows the relative concentration of radioactive materials present in the specimen. The photographic plate is exposed to radioactive emissions from the specimen and an image is produced. Autoradiography relies on emissions of alpha and beta particles and gamma rays, released by the decay of radioactive substances within the species, instead of an outside source. The image gotten allows the technician to determine the relative concentration of radioactive material and it's distribution. Autographs help scientists learn more about cellular and tissue structures and how radioactive materials are absorbed and distributed.
ReplyDeleteImmunocytochemistry is a technique which uses a specific antibody to assess the presence of a specific
protein or antigen in cells, thereby allowing the cell to be viewed and examined under a microscope. It is an important tool in determining cellular contents from individual cells. The antibody used is one that binds to the protein or antigens in the cell.
Temitope Durotoye
100581007
1.AUTORADIOGRAPHY Autoradiography is a technique using x-ray film tto visualize molecular fragments of molecules that have been radioactively labelled. It is a process in which a tissue is supplied with a radioactive substance and allowed to utilize it for an appropriate period of time after which the tissue is prepared and placed in contact with a special photographiuc emulsion; silver grains in the emulsion in contact with radioactive substance darken, thus, the location of the dark spot indicates the position at which the radioactive susbstance was concentrated in the tissue. It has many applications in the laboratory e.g. It can be used to analyze the length and number of DNA Fragments after they are separated from one and other. 2.IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess the presence of specific antibody that binds to it. The antibody allow visualization of the protein under the microscope. It is useful in determination of cellular contents from individual cells e.g. Blood smears, aspirate swabs culture cells and cells suspension. The protocol involved in immunocytochemistry includes fixation, blocking and incubation, stanning, counter staining, mounting etc ABU BLESSING EKENIMOH 100111001
ReplyDeleteImmunocytochemistry (ICC)
ReplyDeleteIMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY:- Is a common laboratory technique that uses antibodies that target specific peptides or protein antigens in the cell via specific epitopes. These bound antibodies can then be detected using several different methods. ICC allows researchers to evaluate whether or not cells in a particular sample express the antigen in question. In cases where an immunopositive signal is found, ICC also allows researchers to determine which sub-cellular compartments are expressing the antigen.
Methods
There are many methods to obtain immunological detection on tissues, including those tied directly to primary antibodies or antisera. A direct method involves the use of a detectable tag (e.g., fluorescent molecule, gold particles, etc., ) directly to the antibody that is then allowed to bind to the antigen (e.g., protein) in a cell.
Alternatively, there are many indirect methods. In one such method, the antigen is bound by a primary antibody which is then amplified by use of a secondary antibody which binds to the primary antibody. in the same location that the original primary antibody recognized that antigen of interest.
Some examples of substrates used (also known as chromogens) are AEC (3-Amino-9-EthylCarbazole), or DAB (3,3'-Diaminobenzidine). Use of one of these reagents after exposure to the necessary enzyme (e.g., horseradish peroxidase conjugated to an antibody reagent) produces a positive immunoreaction product. Immunocytochemical visualization of specific antigens of interest can be used when a less specific stain like H&E (Hematoxylin and Eosin) cannot be used for a diagnosis to be made or to provide additional predictive information regarding treatment (in some cancers, for example).
Alternatively the secondary antibody may be covalently linked to a fluorophore (FITC and Rhodamine are the most common) which is detected in a fluorescence or confocal microscope. The location of fluorescence will vary according to the target molecule, external for membrane proteins, and internal for cytoplasmic proteins. In this way immunofluorescence is a powerful technique when combined with confocal microscopy for studying the location of proteins and dynamic processes (exocytosis, endocytosis, etc.).
There are many ways to prepare cell samples for immunocytochemical analysis. Each method has its own strengths and unique characteristics so the right method can be chosen for the desired sample and outcome.
Cells to be stained can be attached to a solid support to allow easy handling in subsequent procedures. This can be achieved by several methods: adherent cells may be grown on microscope slides, coverslips, or an optically suitable plastic support. Suspension cells can be centrifuged onto glass slides (cytospin), bound to solid support using chemical linkers, or in some cases handled in suspension.
Concentrated cellular suspensions that exist in a low-viscosity medium make good candidates for smear preparations. Dilute cell suspensions existing in a dilute medium are best suited for the preparation of cytospins through cytocentrifugation. Cell suspensions that exist in a high-viscosity medium, are best suited to be tested as swab preparations. For any intercellular reaction to take place, immunoglobulin must first traverse the cell membrane that is intact in these preparations. Reactions taking place in the nucleus can be more difficult, and the extracellular fluids can create unique obstacles in the performance of immunocytochemistry. In this situation, permeabilizing cells using detergent (Triton X-100 or Tween-20) or choosing organic fixatives (acetone, methanol, or ethanol)
NAME:- DIMGBA MARY
MATRIC NO:- 100111005
DEPT:- BIOLOGY EDUCATION
Autoradiography: A technique using X- ray film to visualize molecules or fragments of molecules that have been radioactively labeled. Autoradiography has many applications in the laboratory. Autoradiography can, for example, be used to analyze the length and number of DNA fragments after they are separated from one another by a method called gel electrophoresis
ReplyDeleteNAME:- DIMGBA MARY
DEPT:- BIOLOGY EDUCATION
MATRIC NUMBER:- 100111005
NAME: EZE IFEYINWA LUCY
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 100581008
COURSE CODE: ZOO 306
1) AUTORADIOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE
Autoradiography is the study of biological events in tissue sections using radioactivity. Autoradiography permits the localization of radioactive substances in tissues by means of emitted radiation effects on photographic emulsions. Silver bromide crystals present in the emulsion act as microdetectors of radioactivity in the same way that they respond to light in common photography. The first step of autoradiography is to deliver a radioactive compound to the cells. A variety of molecules, including radioactive amino acids, radioactive nucleotides, and radioactive sugars, can be used, depending on the purpose of the study. These molecules are called precursors, because they may be used by the cells to synthesize larger molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, or polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The tissue sections are prepared and are covered with photographic emulsion. The slides are kept in light-proof boxes; after an adequate exposure time they are developed photographically and examined. When the silver bromide crystals present in the photographic emulsion are hit by radiation they are transformed into small black granules of metallic silver, thus revealing the existence of radioactivity in the tissue. The structures that contain radioactive molecules become covered by these granules. This procedure can be used in both light and electron microscopy.
2) IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES.
Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess the presence of a specific protein or antigen in cells by use of a specific antibody that binds to it. The antibody allows visualization of the protein under a microscope. Immunocytochemistry is a valuable tool to study the presence and sub-cellular localisation of proteins.
Preparation of Coated Slides
1. Position clean glass slides in a staining rack
2. Immerse the slides for 30 min in a large staining dish containing a 1:10 dilution of 0.1% poly-L-lysine solution in deionized water.
3 Remove the slides and oven dry for 1 hr at 60C.
FIXATION METHOD
For immunocytochemistry, sample
preparation essentially entails fixing the target cells to the slide. Perfect fixation would immobilize the antigens, while retaining authentic cellular and subcellular architecture and permitting unhindered access of antibodies to all cells and
subcellular compartments. Wide ranges of fixatives are commonly used, and the correct choice of method will depend on the nature of the antigen being examined and on the properties of the antibody used. Fixation methods fall generally into two classes: organic solvents and cross-linking reagents. Organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone remove lipids and dehydrate the cells, while precipitating the proteins on the cellular architecture. Cross-linking reagents (such as paraformaldehyde) form intermolecular bridges,normally through free amino groups, thus creating a network
of linked antigens. Cross-linkers preserve cell structure better than organic solvents, but may reduce the antigenicity of some
cell components, and require the addition of a permeabilization step, to allow access of the antibody to the specimen. Fixation with both methods may denature protein
antigens, and for this reason, antibodies prepared against denatured proteins may be
more useful for cell staining.
(1).Autoradiography is also known as radioautography.It is a technique for detecting radioactivity in a specimen by producing an image on a photographic plate or film. (2).Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess the presence of a specific antigen in cells (cultured cells,cell suspensions)by use of a specific antibody which binds to it,thereby allowing visualization and examination under a microscope.It is a valuable too for the determination of cellular contents from individual cells.samplees that can br analyzed include blood smears,aspirates,swabs,cultured cells and cells suspensions. Name:Emmanuel Gabriel Sunday Matric:100111006.
ReplyDeleteImmunocytochemistry (ICC); this is a technique used to assess the presence of a specific protein or antigen in cells by use of a specific antibody that binds to it. These bound antibodies can then be detected using several different methods. The antibody allow visualization of the protein under a microscope. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a valuable tool to study the presence and sub-cellular localization of protein.
ReplyDeleteSPECIAL TOOLS IN IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY;
Multichambered slides
Fluorescence microscope
AUTORADIOGRAPHY; This is an image on an x-ray film or nuclear emission produced by the pattern of decay emission (e.g beta particles or gamma rays) from a distribution on a radioactive substance
Name; Hunter Efe Opeyemi
Matric No; 100111010
Dept; Bio-Edu
Autoradiography is available as a digital image(digital autoradiography) due to the recent development of scintillation gas detector. this technique is use to determine the tissue localization of a metabolic pathway,bound to a receptor or enzyme or hybridized to a nucleic acid. while immunocytochemistry is a techniques to find the presence of antigen in cell tissue..the antibody allow visualization of the protein under a microscope.
ReplyDeletename: ososan henry oluwaseyi
matric no: 100111016
ADEOYE ADEBAYO OLOYEDE
ReplyDelete100111004
BIOLOGY EDUCATION
13/01/2014
Autoradiography
It's a technique using X-ray film to visualize molecules or fragments of molecules that have been radioactivey labelled.
Autoradiography can for example be used to analyze the length and number of DNA fragments that they are seperated from one and another by a method Called gelectrophoresis
IMMUNOCHEMISTRY
ICC is a common laboratory. technique that uses antibodies that largest specific. peptides or protein. antigens in the cell via specific epitopes.
these bond antibodies can then be detected using several different methods.
ICC allows researches to evaluate whether the antigen in the question. In cases where immunopositive signal is found; ICC also allows researchers to determine which cellular compartment are expressing the antigen
1. Autoradiography- this is a technique for examining the distribution of a radioactive tracer in the tissues of an experimetal animals. It produces a stable record of the possition or relative intensities of radiolabel bands or tissues in a blot. Its method involve investigating gross structures depends on careful dissection , or cutting a part of an organism and on accurate discription of the part using photographic emulsion for observatiön.
ReplyDelete2. Immunocytochemistry- this is a technique used to view unique protein or antigens in a tissue or cell using a specific antibody which binds to it and visual examination. Its uses direct method. By IHEOHAKWERE CHINOMSO OSINACHI 100111012
(A) AUTORADIOGRAPHY
ReplyDeleteAutoradiography is the process of taking a type of picture called an autoradiograph which shows the relative concentration of radioactive material present within the subject. Radiography is the use of radioactive materials or X-rays to produce an image while exposing a photography plate or film to the X-rays is the common method for this type of image. It reduces a similar image but relies on emissions of alpha and beta articles and gamma rays released by the decay of radioactive substances within the subject rather than an outside source.
USES OF AUTORADIOGRAPHY
(1) Autoradiography can be used to isolate partial sequences of RNA and DNA for study especially n virus.
(2) It can be used to study RNA and DNA as well as the phases of cell development and function.
(3) This techniques can be used by doctors to detect, diagnose and device treatment strategies for various type of radiation running which issues may have absorbed the radio active material.
(B) IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY
Immunocytochemistry is the demonstration of antigen in the tissue section or smears by the use of specific antigen/antibody which may culminate in the attachment of a partaker to the antigen for light microscopy. The maker may be fluorescent dye, an enzyme or colloidal gold.immunocytochemistry is recognize as an element and a major tool in diagnostic and research orientated a cellular pathology. Immunocytochemistry involves the detection of specific or highly selective cellular epitopes with an antibody and appropriate labeling system with many antibodies identifying epitopes that survive formaline fixation and processing to paraffin wax and clinical data alone cannot provide a diagnosis. There are numerous immunocytochemical techniques which may be used to localize an antigens. The selection of a suitable technique should be based on parameters such as the type of specimen under investigation and degrees of sensitivity required cost may also be a factor.
Name: Eze Adaobi Eucharia
Matric No: 100111022
1. Autoradiography- this is a technique for examining the distribution of a radioactive tracer in the tissues of an experimetal animals. It produces a stable record of the possition or relative intensities of radiolabel bands or tissues in a blot. Its method involve investigating gross structures depends on careful dissection , or cutting a part of an organism and on accurate discription of the part using photographic emulsion for observatiön.
ReplyDelete2. Immunocytochemistry- this is a technique used to view unique protein or antigens in a tissue or cell using a specific antibody which binds to it and visual examination. Its uses direct method. Ezeani theodora cheta
100111007
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